Ukuthwala izingxenye zenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuhamba ngokufoja, ukugoqa, ukubhoboza, ukuphenduka, ukugaya, ukwelashwa kokushisa nezinye izinqubo, kungase kuvele zonke izinhlobo zokukhubazeka.Okulandelayo yiziphambeko ezinhlanu ezivamile enqubweni yokukhiqiza ethwele.
1, ukubumba amaphutha - ukugoqa ukugoqa
Ngenxa yezinto ezingalingani zokusika, i-burr, onqenqemeni olundizayo nezinye izizathu, kulula ukwenza ukugoqa phezulu, okubonakala ngokugoqa okuqinile, ukuma okungajwayelekile, ukuvela kalula ebusweni bezingxenye.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa impushana kazibuthe ye-fluorescent ukuze kutholwe amaphutha ukuze wenze isibonisi esinesici sicace kakhudlwana futhi sibe nengqondo.Amamaki kazibuthe afojiwe futhi agoqiwe kanye nendawo engaphezulu ibe i-Engeli ethile yomugqa, inkatho kanye neshidi lesikali sezinhlanzi.
Ingxenye yesici yenziwe amasampula e-metallographic futhi yabonwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.Umsila onesici wawuyindilinga futhi ubuthuntu, izinhlangothi zombili zazibushelelezi, futhi kwakukhona into esobala ye-oxidation.Akukho ukufakwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nezinye izidumbu ezitholwe kulesici.Ngemva kokuba i-asidi ebandayo igqwalile isampula ye-metallographic, ingxenye enesici nezinhlangothi zayo ezimbili zaba nokuqothulwa kwe-carburization kanye ne-oxidation.I-morphology yangaphezulu yengqimba yesici yabonwa, futhi umkhondo wokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki wawusobala, ngaphandle kokudabula i-morphology yokuphuka.Ngokuhlola ubulukhuni be-microhardness kanye nokubhekwa kwe-metallographic, ukuqina kokuqina kwe-carburizing bekukhona ngamadigri ahlukene ebusweni bengqimba yesici.Sengiphetha, iphutha bekufanele libe khona ngaphambi kokwelashwa kokushisa nokucisha, futhi kuxhunyanwe nezwe langaphandle, futhi kwahlulelwa njengokugoqa okomgunyathi.
2, ukuqamba amaphutha - ukuqamba ukushiswa ngokweqile
Ukushisa ngokweqile kuzokwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lokubumba liphezulu kakhulu futhi isikhathi sokubamba siside kakhulu.Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-oxidation yomngcele wokusanhlamvu noma ngisho nokuncibilika kuzokwenzeka.Ukubuka nge-Microscopic kubonisa ukuthi umngcele wezinhlamvu zensimbi wongqimba olungaphezulu ufakwe i-oxidized futhi uqhekeke nge-Engeli ecijile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imingcele yokusanhlamvu nayo yaqala ukuncibilika ezindaweni lapho ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwensimbi kwakuhlukanisiwe, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, kwakhiwa imihume ekhonjiwe.Impahla eshiswe ngokweqile yenziwa kulesi simo esinesici, ingaphansi kokukhandwa kwesando esindayo, ukubhodlozwa nokugaya, futhi isici sizodabula lapha, senze isici esikhudlwana.Ingaphezulu elishiswe kakhulu le-forging lifana nekhasi lewolintshi elinemifantu emihle kanye nekhasi le-oxide eliwugqinsi.
Kuyatuseka ukuthi usebenzise impushana kazibuthe ye-fluorescent ukuze kutholwe amaphutha ukwenza isibonisi esinesici sicace.Izimbobo zokubhoboza zibangelwa ukushiswa ngokweqile kwamaphutha ekufogeni.
Ukubhekwa kwe-Microscopic kwamasampuli e-metallographic enziwe eduze kwesigaba sesici kubonise ukuthi izimbobo zasakazwa phezulu nangaphezulu.Imigodi yayingama-angular kwezinye izingxenye, inobukhulu obuhlukene futhi ingekho phansi ekujuleni.Kwakukhona ukuqhekeka okuhle emaphethelweni kanye ne-oxidation yomngcele wokusanhlamvu kwezinye izindawo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ephukile yabonwa ngemuva kokuphihlizwa eduze kwemigodi yesici.Kwatholakala ukuthi ukuphuka kwakumise okwetshe, futhi inani elikhulu lezimbobo kanye nama-micro-cracks kwasakazwa kuwo.
3. Ukucisha umfantu
Enkambweni yokucisha, lapho izinga lokushisa lokucima liphezulu kakhulu noma izinga lokupholisa lishesha kakhulu, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kukhulu kunamandla okuphuka kwento, kuzoba nemifantu yokucisha.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela nokuthembeka.Izimpawu zikazibuthe zokulimala kokucisha ngokuvamile ziyi-oblique, indilinga, i-dendritic noma i-reticular, enendawo yokuqala ebanzi futhi abe mncane kancane kancane ehambisana nesiqondiso sokunwetshwa.
Ngokuyisisekelo eduze nokusabalalisa kwesiqondiso esiyindilinga, ukugoqa komsila.Ngemva kokusika ukuqhekeka ukwenza isampula ye-metallographic, kungabonakala ukuthi ukuqhekeka kujule kakhulu, ngokuyisisekelo ku-perpendicular ebusweni obungaphandle, futhi akukho ukufakwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nezinye imizimba yangaphandle etholakala ku-crack.Kwaphawulwa ukuthi i-fracture i-brittle futhi ingaphezulu le-fracture ngokusobala laliyi-pyrochromatic.
4, ukugaya amaphutha
Enkambweni yokucisha, lapho izinga lokushisa lokucima liphezulu kakhulu noma izinga lokupholisa lishesha kakhulu, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kukhulu kunamandla okuphuka kwento, kuzoba nemifantu yokucisha.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela nokuthembeka.Izimpawu zikazibuthe zokulimala kokucisha ngokuvamile ziyi-oblique, indilinga, i-dendritic noma i-reticular, enendawo yokuqala ebanzi futhi abe mncane kancane kancane ehambisana nesiqondiso sokunwetshwa.
Ngokuyisisekelo eduze nokusabalalisa kwesiqondiso esiyindilinga, ukugoqa komsila.Ngemva kokusika ukuqhekeka ukwenza isampula ye-metallographic, kungabonakala ukuthi ukuqhekeka kujule kakhulu, ngokuyisisekelo ku-perpendicular ebusweni obungaphandle, futhi akukho ukufakwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nezinye imizimba yangaphandle etholakala ku-crack.Kwaphawulwa ukuthi i-fracture i-brittle futhi ingaphezulu le-fracture ngokusobala laliyi-pyrochromatic.
5. Ukukhubazeka kwempahla eluhlaza
Enqubweni yokugaya yezingxenye ezithwalayo, ukuqhekeka kokugaya kulula ukwenzeka ngenxa yokudla okuningi kwesondo lokugaya, ukuphela kwe-sand wheel shaft, ukutholakala koketshezi okwanele okusika kanye nohlamvu olubuthuntu lokugaya lwesondo lokugaya.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa, izinga lokushisa lokucima liphezulu kakhulu, okuholela ekushiseni kwezingxenye, okusanhlamvu okuqinile, ivolumu ye-austenite esele, i-mesh kanye nezinhlayiya eziqinile.
Amamaki kazibuthe wokulimala kokugaya ngokuvamile anethiwe, i-radial, i-parallel linear noma iyaqhekeka.Amamaki kazibuthe mancane futhi abukhali, anohlaka olucacile kanye nenani elikhulu lazo, ngokuvamile elibhekene nesiqondiso sokugaya.Amamaki kazibuthe ngokuvamile agxiliswe engxenyeni emaphakathi, eduze nendawo eyindilinga, ngesimo somugqa omude noma i-dendritic, i-bifurcation ingxenye, ukuhlangana kwamamaki kazibuthe.
Kwaphawulwa ukuthi ingxenye yokuqhekeka yayilungile futhi i-perpendicular phezulu.Akukho ukufakwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, isikali se-oxide nezinye izidumbu zangaphandle ezitholwe esigabeni sokuqhekeka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-20-2022